🧬 Down Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Care

🌟 What is Down Syndrome?

Down Syndrome is a genetic condition that happens when a person is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21. Instead of having 46 chromosomes, they have 47. This extra genetic material changes the way the body and brain develop.

🔎 Causes

Normally, babies get 23 chromosomes from each parent.
In Down Syndrome, an extra chromosome 21 is copied.
This is not caused by anything parents did. It happens naturally during cell division.

🧩 Types of Down Syndrome

Trisomy 21 (Most common) → Every cell has an extra chromosome 21.
Mosaic Down Syndrome → Some cells have the extra chromosome, others don’t.
Translocation Down Syndrome → The extra chromosome 21 attaches to another chromosome.

🩺 Symptoms & Signs

Distinct facial features (almond-shaped eyes, flat nose bridge, small ears).
Low muscle tone (hypotonia).
Shorter height.
Developmental delays (speaking, walking, learning).
Higher risk of heart problems, thyroid issues, hearing loss, and infections.

❤️ Care & Treatment

There is no cure, but with proper support, people with Down Syndrome can live healthy, fulfilling lives. Care includes:

Early childhood therapy (speech, occupational, physical therapy).
Regular medical checkups.
Special education programs.
Family and community support.

🌍 Living with Down Syndrome

Many individuals go to school, work, and build meaningful relationships.
With awareness and acceptance, society can give them equal opportunities.
Parents and caregivers play a key role in providing love, patience, and encouragement.

✅ Key Takeaway: Down Syndrome is a genetic condition, not a disease. With proper care, education, and love, people with Down Syndrome can thrive and contribute positively to the community.

🧬 Down Syndrome