🩺 Peptic Ulcer: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

🌟 What is a Peptic Ulcer?

A peptic ulcer is a sore that forms on the lining of the stomach, small intestine, or esophagus due to damage from stomach acid. It can be painful and, if untreated, may lead to serious health complications.

🔎 Types of Peptic Ulcers

Gastric ulcer → forms inside the stomach.
Duodenal ulcer → forms in the upper part of the small intestine.
Esophageal ulcer → forms in the esophagus (less common).

🩺 Causes

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection → weakens the stomach’s protective lining.
Long-term use of NSAIDs (like ibuprofen, aspirin).
Excessive alcohol and smoking.
Stress and spicy foods (don’t directly cause ulcers but can worsen symptoms).
Other illnesses that increase acid production.

⚠️ Symptoms

Burning or sharp stomach pain (worse when empty).
Bloating and burping.
Heartburn or acid reflux.
Nausea and vomiting.
Weight loss and loss of appetite.
In severe cases: vomiting blood or black stools (needs urgent medical care).

❤️ Treatment

Peptic ulcers can usually be treated with medication and lifestyle changes:

Medications:
- Antibiotics (to kill H. pylori).
- Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce stomach acid.
- Antacids for quick relief.
- Protective drugs (to coat and protect stomach lining).
Lifestyle tips:
- Avoid alcohol and smoking.
- Limit caffeine and spicy foods.
- Eat smaller, more frequent meals.
- Manage stress through relaxation or meditation.

🌍 Complications (if untreated)

Internal bleeding.
Stomach wall perforation.
Blockage in the digestive tract.
Higher risk of stomach cancer (with chronic H. pylori infection).

✅ Key Takeaway:
Peptic ulcers are painful sores in the stomach or intestines caused mainly by H. pylori infection or long-term NSAID use. With proper treatment, lifestyle changes, and early diagnosis, they can be healed effectively and complications avoided.

🩺 Peptic Ulcer