🩺 Understanding Kidney Cancer

What is Kidney Cancer?

Kidney cancer develops when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the kidneys, the two bean-shaped organs on either side of the spine that filter waste from the blood and produce urine. It is one of the top 10 most common cancers worldwide and is more often diagnosed in men than women.

Types of Kidney Cancer

Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC):
- The most common type (about 90% of cases).
- Usually starts in the tiny tubes inside the kidney.
Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC):
- Starts in the lining of the kidney (renal pelvis).
- Similar to bladder cancer.
Wilms’ Tumor:
- Rare and usually found in children.

Risk Factors

Smoking: Increases risk significantly.
Obesity: Extra weight can cause hormonal changes.
High Blood Pressure: Linked to higher risk.
Family History: Genetic mutations or inherited conditions.
Long-Term Dialysis: Kidney patients on dialysis face higher risk.
Exposure to Chemicals: Such as asbestos or cadmium.

Symptoms to Watch For

Kidney cancer often has no early signs, but advanced stages may show:

Blood in urine (pink, red, or cola-colored)
Pain in the back or side (not caused by injury)
Lump or mass on the side or lower back
Fatigue and weakness
Unexplained weight loss or loss of appetite
Fever not linked to infection

Diagnosis

Doctors may use:

Urine Tests & Blood Tests: To check kidney function.
Ultrasound, CT Scan, or MRI: To create images of the kidneys.
Biopsy: Taking a tissue sample for testing.

Treatment Options

Surgery: The most common treatment (partial or full nephrectomy to remove the kidney or part of it).
Radiation Therapy: Uses high-energy beams (less common for kidney cancer).
Chemotherapy: Usually less effective for kidney cancer, but sometimes used.

Kidney Cancer