🩺 Understanding Cancers

What is Cancer?

Cancer is a disease where cells in the body grow uncontrollably and may spread to other parts of the body. Normally, cells grow, divide, and die in an orderly way. In cancer, this process breaks down — abnormal cells keep multiplying and form tumors that can harm the body.

Types of Cancer

There are more than 100 types of cancer. Some of the most common include:

Lung Cancer – affects the lungs, often linked to smoking.
Breast Cancer – develops in breast tissue.
Prostate Cancer – occurs in the prostate gland (in men).
Colorectal Cancer – starts in the colon or rectum.
Leukemia – cancer of the blood and bone marrow.
Lymphoma – affects the lymphatic system.
Skin Cancer – often caused by overexposure to sunlight.
Liver, Ovarian, and Brain Cancers – affect vital organs.

Risk Factors

Family history of cancer
Unhealthy lifestyle (smoking, alcohol, poor diet, lack of exercise)
Environmental exposure (radiation, harmful chemicals)
Viral infections (HPV, Hepatitis B & C)
Increasing age

Common Symptoms

Lumps or unusual swelling
Unexplained weight loss
Persistent fatigue
Long-lasting cough or breathing problems
Unexplained bleeding or bruising
Changes in skin or moles

Diagnosis

Doctors may use blood tests, imaging (X-rays, CT scans, MRI), and biopsy (sample of tissue) to confirm cancer. Early detection greatly improves treatment success.

Treatment Options

Surgery: Removing the tumor.
Radiation Therapy: Using high-energy rays to kill cancer cells.
Chemotherapy: Drugs that target fast-growing cells.
Hormone Therapy: Used for cancers linked to hormones.
Immunotherapy & Targeted Therapy: Boosting the immune system or attacking specific cancer cells.

Prevention & Healthy Habits

Quit smoking and avoid tobacco.
Eat a balanced diet with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Exercise regularly and maintain a healthy weight.
Protect skin from too much sun.
Limit alcohol.
Get vaccines (like HPV, Hepatitis B).
Regular medical checkups and screenings.

Understanding Cancers