☀️ Understanding Skin Cancer

What is Skin Cancer?

Skin cancer is the abnormal growth of skin cells that usually develops on skin exposed to the sun. However, it can also occur on areas not typically exposed, such as palms, soles, or under the nails. It is the most common type of cancer worldwide, but the good news is that most skin cancers can be prevented and treated successfully if detected early.

Types of Skin Cancer

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC):
- The most common type, making up about 80% of skin cancers.
- Usually appears as a shiny bump, pink growth, or sore that doesn’t heal.
- Rarely spreads but can cause local damage if ignored.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC):
- The second most common type.
- Appears as red, scaly patches, open sores, or rough growths.
- Can spread deeper into the skin and nearby tissues if untreated.
Melanoma:
- The most dangerous type of skin cancer.
- Often starts as a mole or dark spot that changes in color, shape, or size.
- Can spread quickly to lymph nodes and other organs if not caught early.

Risk Factors

Excessive Sun Exposure: Prolonged time outdoors without protection.
Tanning Beds: Artificial UV light increases risk.
Fair Skin: People with light skin, eyes, or hair are more vulnerable.
Family History: Having relatives with skin cancer increases risk.
Weakened Immune System: Certain medications or conditions can lower the body’s defenses.
History of Sunburns: Especially severe burns in childhood.

Symptoms & Warning Signs

New lumps, bumps, or unusual growths on the skin.
A sore that bleeds or doesn’t heal within a few weeks.
Changes in moles (ABCDE rule):
- Asymmetry: One half is different from the other.
- Border: Edges are irregular or blurred.
- Color: Uneven shades of brown, black, red, or white.
- Diameter: Larger than 6mm (about the size of a pencil eraser).
- Evolving: Any change in size, shape, color, or behavior (itching, bleeding).

Diagnosis

Doctors may use:

Visual Skin Exam: Checking for unusual spots or changes.
Dermatoscope: A special tool to examine skin lesions closely.
Biopsy: Removing a small piece of skin for laboratory testing.

Treatment Options

Surgery: Most common method; the cancerous tissue is removed.
Cryotherapy: Freezing abnormal cells with liquid nitrogen.
Radiation Therapy: Used for cancers in hard-to-treat areas.
Topical Chemotherapy: Special creams applied to skin cancers.
Systemic Chemotherapy: Used for advanced or spread cancers.
Immunotherapy & Targeted Therapy: Boost the immune system or attack specific cancer cells (especially in melanoma).

Prevention & Healthy Skin Habits

Apply Sunscreen: SPF 30 or higher, even on cloudy days.
Wear Protective Clothing: Hats, sunglasses, and long sleeves when outdoors.
Avoid Peak Sun Hours: Stay in shade between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
No Tanning Beds: Artificial UV light is just as harmful as the sun.
Regular Self-Checks: Examine your skin monthly for changes.
Doctor Visits: Annual skin exams, especially if at higher risk.

Skin Cancer